Progress on access to clean cooking has been slow

The health consequences can be severe. Globally, according to WHO estimates, more than 3.8 million people die prematurely every year as a result of exposure to household pollution from burning kerosene and solid fuels (such as wood, crop wastes, charcoal, coal, and dung) in open fires and inefficient stoves. The illnesses caused by this type of pollution include pneumonia, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and lung cancer.

Then there are the environmental impacts. According to one study, between 1.9% and 2.3% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from wood fuels. The burning of residential solid fuels also accounts for more than half of global emissions of black carbon, according to the World Bank. Black carbon, or soot, is a pollutant produced by the incomplete burning of organic matter.

Despite the heavy toll on human health and the environment, progress on access to clean cooking has been slow, barely keeping pace with population growth. From 2010 through 2019, according to WHO, the rate of access to clean cooking fuels and technologies increased by only about 1% per year, largely due to improvements in five countries: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan.

“Current estimates project that one third of the global population will continue to use polluting fuels in 2030, with the majority residing in Sub-Saharan Africa,” the agency said.

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